During all this period of development the characteristics of the electric locomotive have continued to be superior to those of either the steam or the diesel-electric locomotive. More recently the Diesel engine has been applied to passenger and freight trains. In this era the steam locomotive has been transformed in appearance and characteristics. This early application was for tunnel work but it may be taken as the beginning of a new era in main-line transportation. Electric Locomotives were first used for the movement of main-line traffic over 45 years ago. Automatic railway gate control is highly economical microcontroller based arrangement, designed for use in almost all the unmanned level crossings in the country. Since, the operation is automatic error due to manual operation is prevented. This type of gates can be employed in an unmanned level crossing where the chances of accidents are higher and reliable operation is required. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates and also reduces the human labor. By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of the train is detected by the sensor placed near to the gate. Hence, if the train is late due to certain reasons, then gate remain closed for a long time causing traffic near the gates. Once the gatekeeper receives the information, the closes the gate depending on the timing at which the train arrives. By the presently existing system once the train leaves the station, the stationmaster informs the gatekeeper about the arrival of the train through the telephone. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed, and secondly, to provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents. The objective of this report is to provide an automatic railway gate at a level crossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper. Railways are the most widely used and comfortable nodes of transportation system. This incubator is great for the Canvas Kit, where you can grow bacteria between 30-37℃, or the Yeast Canvas Kit, where you grow your yeast at 25-30℃ without problems.Railways are the convenient, reasonable and popular node of transport in almost all major cities of not only in Pakistan but also all over the World. As you build and test this incubator, you will notice that the temperature can vary throughout the incubation period. It will only take a few minutes!Īs this is a simple DIY incubator, we recommend that you use this incubator to do experiments where keeping the temperature constant is not extremely crucial (more on that in a moment). Now that we know what incubators are and what they are used for, let's learn to build one! Follow the video below to build a simple incubator for Petri dishes using just a thermometer, lamp, and plastic containers. Interestingly enough, poultry or egg incubators are sometimes used to grow micro-organisms since the temperature range to hatch eggs and grow bacteria and yeast are similar. Of course, infant incubators will be more sophisticated than those you will use to grow micro-organisms, but will function under the same principles. That's right! When babies are born prematurely or when farmers want to hatch chicks, incubators are used to keep both babies and chicken eggs in an optimal environment for them to grow and thrive. There are three main types of incubators: poultry or egg incubators, infant incubators, and bacteriological incubators. An incubator is an insulated enclosure where temperature, humidity-and sometimes other environmental conditions like oxygen levels-can be controlled precisely. To control the temperature and humidity when growing micro-organisms on petri dishes, scientists use a piece of equipment called an incubator. After all, if the micro-organisms don't grow, you cannot complete the experiment! While some bacteria and yeast will grow if you leave them at room temperature, being able to control the environment in which they grow gives you a better chance of success and more reliable, repeatable results. Like us, organisms prefer certain conditions, like temperature and humidity levels, to grow in. Incubating (another word for 'growing') bacteria and yeast is often a crucial part of biotechnology experiments. Which kit is right for you? Take our quiz! Bacterial transformation & genetic engineering experiments
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |